Fig. 5

Loratadine treatment suppresses tumorigenesis in vivo. A Schematic overview of the mouse experimental model protocol. B Micro-CT images of lungs from mice following LLC tail vain injection with or without loratadine treatment. Three-dimensional rendering of micro-CT data with lungs in gray; the lost part represents the tumor. C-D The indicated cells were subcutaneously injected (0.5–1 × 10.⁶ cells per mouse) into C57BL/6 mice (n = 5). Tumor formation was analyzed. CON, vehicle group; L1, 5 mg/kg/d resveratrol group; L2, 35 mg/kg/d resveratrol group; and L3, 175 mg/kg/d resveratrol group. After 7 days of treatment, 4 mice died in the L3 group. D Vascular morphology of mouse subcutaneous tumor sections stained with DAPI (blue) and CD31 (red). Magnification: IHC 10 × and 20 × , Scale bar: 500 µm and 200 µm. E Tumor sections stained with p53, Ki67 and GSDMD. Magnification: IHC 20 × and 40 × , Scale bar: 200 µm and 100 µm. F Each violin plot represents the quantification of vascular density. ns, no significant difference. G-I Each violin plot represents the relative expression levels of each tumor section protein. Data are presented as the means ± SDs. ns, no significant difference, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001