Fig. 1

Sleep deprivation promotes occurrence and metastasis of CRC by GABA A, C Sleep deprivation increased the volume and weight of subcutaneous tumors. B The solid tumors were peeled off and weighted. C The volume of transplanted tumors was measured by the Vernier caliper every five days. D The number of tumors in the lung was counted in control group and SD group. E HE staining showed the tumors in the lung of mice. F ELISA assay showed the levels of GABA in the serum of SD group and control group mice. G The expression of GAD1, VGAT and GAT1 in cerebrum and cerebellum of mice was detected by western blot. H HE staining showed the primary tumors from AOM/DSS-induced colonic tumors in PBS group and GABA group. I The number of primary tumors in the colon was counted in PBS group and GABA group. J The expression level of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Cyclin E was detected by IHC in primary tumors from respectively intraperitoneal injection PBS or GABA of AOM/DSS model mice. SD:sleep deprivation. All data were revealed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) for no less than three independent experiments. Significant P values showed as ^***P < 0.001.^**P < 0.01.^*P < 0.05