Fig. 1

CanSel identifies EMID2 as the most potent factor inhibiting cancer cell invasiveness. A. Outline of the CanSel procedure. B. Results of the competitive screening ranking 1028 secreted factors. Each dot shows the relative abundance of each transgene in muscles that were injected with both AAV and cancer cells over muscles injected with AAV only. The grey area covers factors that were not enriched. The red area contains factors that were positively selected (enrichment > 1 SD). C. Representative images of migrated LLC cells in response to FBS in combination with the indicated factors. D. Quantification of LLC migration. E. Representative images of LLC cancers, positive for the proliferation marker Ki67, growing in muscles injected with AAV9 vectors expressing the indicated factors. F. Percentage of the area covered by Ki67⁺ LLC cells. G. Representative images of LG tumor borders with front of invasion indicated in yellow (n = 2 muscles/group). H. Higher magnification of peripheral branches showing LG cells migrating on collagen fibers. I. Quantification of tumor circularity, a quantitative shape factor of roundness (range, 0–1; 1 = a true circle). J. Representative images of LG tumors in muscles injected with AAV9-CTR or AAV9-EMID2. K. Quantification of LG tumor size. Scale bar in C, E, G 50 μm, in H 100 μm, in J 2 mm. In D, F, K data are shown as mean ± SEM and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls correction. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001