Fig. 2

DCBLD1 knockdown inhibits PPP. A A heatmap illustrating the down-regulated metabolites in HeLa cells expressing shDCBLD1 compared to shCtrl cells. B KEGG enrichment analysis of differential metabolites. C–D Intracellular NADPH and GSH levels were assayed in HeLa and C33A cells expressing shCtrl or shDCBLD1. E Detection of lipid synthesis by Nile Red staining. Representative images (left) and average fluorescence quantification results (right) are shown. F Reactive oxygen species production levels were detected using ROS staining. Representative images (left) and the average fluorescence quantification results (right) are shown. G DNA synthesis in HeLa and C33A cells expressing shCtrl or shDCBLD1 was determined using EdU. EdU-positive cell proportion was analyzed using ImageJ. Representative images (left) and the quantification results (right) are shown. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was assessed using an unpaired t test (C-G). (****, p < 0.0001; ***, p < 0.001; ***, p < 0.001; **, p < 0.01; *, p < 0.05). Scale bar: 50 µm