Fig. 10

Summary diagram of NK cell production, cryopreservation, and intravesical installation application. Approximately 20–40 billion NK cells can be obtained from one healthy donor’s 200–400 mL of peripheral blood after two weeks of PBMC culture and expansion. The PBMC could be cryopreserved at − 80 °C and applied as an off-the-shelf product for immunotherapy; 47.6 layers of NK cells could be put on the surface of one-half of the bladder wall if 2 billion NK cells suspended in 50 mL of saline are instilled into the bladder. Abbreviations: PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells