Table 4 Association between CD4+ T cell subsets at baseline and clinical outcome after ICI
Biomarker | NSCLC stage (n) | Treatment | Direction at baseline | Association with clinical outcome | Ref | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Response | PFS | OS | ||||||
CD4 | CD4+CD45RA− T cell counts | IV (n = 136) | ICI, ICI/chemo | ↑ | ↑ (p = 0.016) | [69] | ||
CD4+CD45RA− T cell counts | IV (n = 32) | ICI | ↑ | ↑ (p < 0.001) | ||||
CD4+ naïve T cell counts | III-IV (n = 92) | αPD-L1, αPD-L1/chemo | ↑ | ↑ (p < 0.001) | [70] | |||
% CD4+ naïve T cells | III-IV (n = 92) | αPD-L1, αPD-L1/chemo | ↑ | ↑ (p < 0.001) | ||||
CD4+ memory stem cells counts | III-IV (n = 92) | αPD-L1, αPD-L1/chemo | ↑ | ↑ (p = 0.002) | ||||
% CD4+ memory stem cells | III-IV (n = 92) | αPD-L1, αPD-L1/chemo | ↑ | ↑ (p = 0.018) | ||||
CD3+CD4+PD-1+ | Resectable IIIA (n = 27) | neoadjuvant αPD-1/chemo | ↑ | ↑ (p = 0.045) | [71] | |||
CD25 MFI on CD4+CD25hi cells | Resectable IIIA (n = 27) | neoadjuvant αPD-1/chemo | ↑ | ↑ (p = 0.023) | ||||
CD4+CCR9+ | Advanced (n = 36) | αPD-1 | ↑ | ↓ (p = 0.0197) | ↓ (p = 0.0034) | [72] | ||
CD4+CCR10+ | Advanced (n = 36) | αPD-1 | ↑ | ns | ↓ (p = 0.0036) | |||