Fig. 1

Favorable clinical efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced HCC. a Graphics of the clinical trial design. Left: KEYNOTE394; patients were assigned to receive pembrolizumab (top, N = 300) or placebo (bottom, N = 153). Right: In-house cohort as part of KEYNOTE394. b Kaplan–Meier survival curves showing overall survival stratified by pembrolizumab (red) and placebo (blue) groups. P value was calculated using the log-rank test. c Best response determined using RECISTv1.1. PD, disease progression; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease. Two patients whose lesions could not be reliably measured due to punctate lesions were excluded. d Representative radiographic images of pembrolizumab responders. Red dashed circle: locations of the lung metastatic lesions