Fig. 2

Durable tumor response to ICIs correlates with ΔEV PD-L1 + Radiomics. (A) Patients experiencing progressive disease (PD) (orange) showed higher ΔEV PD-L1 + radiomics values in comparison to those with stable disease (SD) and partial response (PR) (p = 0.008) (Kruskal–Wallis test) since those with high ΔEV PD-L1 + radiomics (blue) showed larger increases in tumor change (p = 0.047) (Mann–Whitney U test). Tissue PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) was not associated with the tumor changes (p = 0.303) (n = 44). (B) Clustering heatmap of patient samples based on EV PD-L1 and radiomics features between responders and non-responders and according to treatment. (C) High ΔEV PD-L1 + radiomics predicted non-responders (p = 0.011) between patients receiving ICIs with or without chemotherapy while not in those receiving chemotherapy (p = 0.217). Tissue PD-L1 ≥ 1 was not associated with durable response to ICIs or chemotherapy (p = 0.062 & p = 0.657, respectively) (Chi-square tests)