Fig. 2

Tumor cells-derived lactate induced tumor-associated macrophages towards M2-polarization in glioma. A Lactate concentrations in CMs from glioma cell lines U87, U251, and three cases primary GBM cells. B Lactate concentration gradient in CMs from U87 and U251 cells. C Quantification of CD206, CD163, CD80 and CD86 mRNA expression in THP1- differentiated macrophages treated with CMs from U87 and U251 cells for 48 h. D Representative pictures for immunofluorescence staining for CD68, CD206 and DAPI of macrophages following stimulation with CMs from U87 or U251 cells for 48 h. E Lactate concentrations in CMs from U87 or U251 cells treated with SO or CHC. F Quantification of CD206 and CD163 mRNA expression in macrophages stimulated with CMs from U87 and U251 cells treated with or without SO and CHC. G Representative pictures for immunofluorescence staining for CD68, CD206 and DAPI of macrophages following stimulation with CMs from U87 or U251 treated with or without SO and CHC. Data are presented as the Mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001