Fig. 3

Lactate-stimulated M2-TAMs promoted glioma cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and mesenchymal transition. A-B Cell proliferation of U87 and U251 cells stimulated with conditioned media (CMs) from various pre-treated macrophages was assessed using the CCK-8 assay (A) and the clone formation assay (B-C). C-D Cell migration and invasion of U87 and U251 cells stimulated with CMs from various pre-treated macrophages were evaluated through wound healing assays (C) and Transwell assays (D). E Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of Vimentin, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin proteins in U87 and U251 cells stimulated with CMs from various pre-treated macrophages. Data are presented as the Mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001