The association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of prostate cancer, high-grade prostate cancer, advanced prostate cancer, prostate cancer-specific mortality and biochemical recurrence

Table 1 Characteristics of cohort studies of metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer risk

Author yr (ref. no.)	Country	Population	Mean age, yr	Mean FU time, yr	Time period	Cohort size	Definition of MetS	No. of cases	RRs	95% CI	Controlled variables
Laukkanen 2004 [11]	Finland	Kuopio communities	52.6	15	1984-2001	1,880	WHO	56	RR 1.90	1.1-3.5	Age
Tande 2006 [12]	United States	ARIC* (49% white, 51% African American)	45-64	12.1	1987-2000	6,429	NCEP-ATP-III	385	RR 0.77	0.60-0.98	Age, race
Russo 2008 [13]	Italy	A pharmacologically based diagnosis	40	2.7	1999-2005	NA	A pharmacologically based diagnosis	94	RR 0.93	0.75-1.14	Age
Martin 2009 [14]	Norway	HUNT2	48 ± 16.4	9.3	1996-2005	29,364	NCEP-ATP-III	687	RR 0.91	0.77-1.09	Age+
Inoue 2009 [15]	Japan	Japan PHC population	40-69	10.2	1993-2004	9,548	IDF	119	HR 0.76	0.47-1.22	Age+
Grundmark 2010 [16]	Sweden	ULSAM	50	30.3	1970-2003	2,183	NCEP-ATP-III	226	RR 1.29	0.89-1.88	Age
Grundmark 2010 [16]	Sweden	ULSAM	50	30.3	1970-2003	2,287	IDF	234	RR 1.18	0.81-1.71	Age
Wallner 2010 [17]	United States	Olmsted County	40-79	15	1990-NA	2,445	WHO	206	HR 0.65	0.37-1.10	Age
Osaki 2011 [18]	Japan	The population-based cancer registry	60.5 ± 10.8	9.3	1992-2007	8,239	NCEP-ATP-III	152	HR 1.37	0.91-2.06	Age
Osaki 2011 [18]	Japan	The population-based cancer registry	60.5 ± 10.8	9.3	1992-2007	8,239	IDF	152	HR 1.18	0.74-1.90	Age
Häggström 2012 [19]	Norway	Me-Can	44	12	NA	289,866	Upper quartile levels ATP-III criteria	6,922	RR 0.96	0.92-1.00	Age+
	Sweden
	Austria

MetS = metabolic syndrome; PCa = prostate cancer; RRs = Relative risks; CI = confidence interval; Age + =At least age; WHO = World Health Organization; NCEP-ATP-III = National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III; IDF = International Diabetes Federation; HUNT 2 = Nord-Trondelang Health Study; ARIC = Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; OR = odds ratio; *We use White-American data.

ISSN: 1756-9966