Fig. 5

Tumor-selective replication of rNDV-18HL in orthotopic HCC xenograft mice induced tumor necrosis and cHAb18 antibody expression in situ. a Orthotopic HCC xenograft nude mice were treated intravenously with rNDV-Luci. At 24 h post-injection, the mice were anesthetized and visualized by luminescence using Xenogen IVIS spectrum. The exposure time was 1 min, and the images were pseudocolored according to the scale on the right. b The mice were sacrificed and dissected to identify the location of tumors in the livers (arrow). c Tumor-bearing livers were excised (top) and the tissue sections were stained with rabbit anti-NDV HN protein antibody to indicate the distribution of NDV (bottom). Scale bar = 100 μm (d) Orthotopic HCC xenograft nude mice were treated intravenously with either rNDV-18HL or NDV Italien twice weekly for 3 weeks. The mice were sacrificed and the tumor-bearing livers were excised. The consecutive tissue sections were used for visualizing tumor loci by H&E staining, and detecting NDV, cHAb18 antibody, and Ki-67 expression by immunohistochemistry. The tumor tissue necrosis was indicated by red line. Scale bar = 200 μm. e Normal organs were also excised and stained with anti-NDV HN monoclonal antibody to detect the distribution of NDV. Scale bar = 200 μm