Fig. 6From: The TGFβ-SMAD3 pathway inhibits IL-1α induced interactions between human pancreatic stellate cells and pancreatic carcinoma cells and restricts cancer cell migrationIL-1α induces PSC-stimulated migration of BxPC-3 cells. BxPC-3 cells were cultured in colonies to confluence and scratch wounds were established in the centre of the colony. The wound area was measured at 0 and 24 h and the data normalized to controls. a-b PSCs were cultured in serum free conditions for 3 days in the presence or absence of IL-1α (1 ng/ml) and the conditioned medium was transferred to the wound assays and incubated for 24 h. c Direct effects of TGFβ and IL-1α on BxPC-3 migration were analyzed by incubating BxPC-3 scratch wounds in the presence of IL-1α (1 ng/ml) and TGFβ (2 ng/ml) as single agents and in combination. Error bars represent S.E.M.; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.001Back to article page