HIF-1α promoted vasculogenic mimicry formation in hepatocellular carcinoma through LOXL2 up-regulation in hypoxic tumor microenvironment

Table 1 Relationship between HIF-1α, LOXL2 and the cliniopathological features in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues

Variants	HIF-1α		χ ²	P-value	LOXL2		χ ²	P- value
Variants	-	+	χ ²	P-value	-	+	χ ²	P- value
Sex
male	89	80	0.000	0.989	80	89	1.560	0.212
female	18	14	0.000	0.989	19	13	1.560	0.212
Age (years)
< 50	35	23	1.656	0.198	32	26	1.143	0.285
≥ 50	72	71	1.656	0.198	67	76	1.143	0.285
Tumor size (cm)
< 5	49	32	2.872	0.090	43	38	0.797	0.372
≥ 5	58	62	2.872	0.090	56	64	0.797	0.372
Grade
I + II	59	37	4.993	0.025*	55	41	4.750	0.029*
III + IV	48	57	4.993	0.025*	44	61	4.750	0.029*
Metastasis
NO	45	33	1.687	0.194	44	34	2.612	0.616
YES	62	61	1.687	0.194	55	68	2.612	0.616
VM
NO	89	64	6.270	0.012*	82	71	4.830	0.028*
YES	18	30	6.270	0.012*	17	31	4.830	0.028*

*p <0.05
HIF-1α protein was highly expressed in 94 of 201 HCC sample tissues (46.76%). LOXL2 protein was highly expressed in 102 of 201 HCC sample tissues (50.75%). Elevated HIF-1α and LOXL2 expression was correlated with an increase in tumor grade and VM

ISSN: 1756-9966