Fig. 3

Wogonoside inhibits TNF-α-induced migration, adhesion and invasion in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and BT-474 cells. MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and BT-474 cells were exposed to different concentrations of TNF-α and wogonoside for 48 h. a Effect of wogonoside on cell viability by MTT assay. b 100 μl cell suspension (2 × 10⁵ cells/ml) was added to the 96 wells which are pre-coated with matrigel. After incubating for 60 min, adherent cells were determined by MTT assay. c-d A monolayer of cells was scraped with a pipette tip and then treated with TNF-α and wogonoside. The migrating cells were assessed with a microscope equipped with a camera (image magnification: 100×). e-f The invasive ability was evaluated by a matrigel-coated transwell invasion assay (image magnification: 200×). Each experiment was performed at least three times. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 compared with the control group; **p < 0.01 compared with the control group