Fig. 6

Knockdown of WIPF1 blocks PDAC cell growth and metastasis. a and b Knockdown of WIPF1 by shWIPF1 inhibits cell growth of PANC-1 and BxPC-3. CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation. Data represent the mean +/− SD with three independent experiments. ^* P < 0.05 versus control. c Knockdown of WIPF1 inhibits tumor in the xenograft model. Each group contained 5 mice. Tumor weight was measured. d-g Knockdown of WIPF1 inhibits cell migration (d and e) and invasion (f and g) of PANC-1 and BxPC3. Data represent the mean +/− SD with three independent experiments. ^** P < 0.01. Magnification, × 200. h-j Knockdown of WIPF1 inhibited tumor metastasis in the xenograft model. Experimental design similar as described in Fig. 4h. Representative livers and lungs from the animals are shown. H&E staining was performed. Metastatic tumour nodules (T) outlined by a dotted line. Magnification, × 100. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the difference between the two groups