Fig. 5

Correlations of PDE4D expression and TPL2 phosphorylation with human MIBC development. (a) H&E and IHC staining of PDE4D in the representative bladder tumor tissues and the adjacent normal bladder tissues. (Scale bar: 200 μm). (b) Statistical data of PDE4D staining in the bladder tumor tissues and adjacent normal bladder tissues. (c) Because all specimens had the same positive-staining scores of PDE4D, we used the staining intensity score to replace the staining index. All the specimens were segregated into two groups based on their staining index (lower expression < staining index 2; higher expression ≥ staining index 2) and compared to observe the variations. (d) Kaplan-Meier survival curves based on the PDE4D expression levels to demonstrate the prognostic importance of PDE4D. (e) H&E and IHC staining of p-TPL2 in the representative bladder tumor tissues and adjacent normal bladder tissues. (Scale bar: 200 μm). (f) Statistical data of p-TPL2 staining in the bladder tumor tissues and adjacent normal bladder tissues. (g) All specimens were segregated into two groups based on their staining index (high: ≥ 4 and low: < 4) and compared to observe the variations. (h) Kaplan-Meier survival curves based on the p-TPL2 levels to demonstrate the prognostic importance of pTPL2. (i, j) The data derived from TCGA database were analyzed and PDE4D mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated in the bladder tumor compared to the bladder normal tissue (i) and correlated with the poor prognosis (j). Error bars indicate mean ± SEM. Statistical significances of differences between experimental groups were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test (c and g), unpaired Wilcoxon test (i), and log-rank test (d, h, and j). P < 0.01 was considered as statistically significant value