Fig. 6

ROS produced by the mitochondrial pathway also aggravate ER stress. a, b) JC-1 staining by flow cytometry was used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) after CYT997 treatment. Histograms indicate the red/green ratio of JC-1 fluorescence. c, d 143B and SJSA cells were cotreated with Elamipretide (10 nM) and different concentrations of CYT997 for 24 h, followed by cell proliferation detection using CCK-8 assays. e 143B cells were treated with CYT997 (80 nM), Elamipretide(10 nM) and/or GSK2606414 (2 μM) for 24 h and stained with 10 μM 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) at 37 °C in the dark for 30 min. Histograms indicate the fold change in DCFH-DA intensity relative to the control group from three separate experiments. f 143B cells were treated with CYT997 (80 nM) and/or Elamipretide (10 nM) for 24 h, and apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress-related proteins including c-PARP, caspase-4, LC3B, Beclin-1, p-PERK, p-eif2α, CHOP and ERO1 were analyzed by western blotting. *P < 0.05, significantly different compared with the control group. # P < 0.05, significantly different compared with the CYT997 treatment group