Fig. 6

H. cordata and 2-undecanone decrease the overproduction of intracellular ROS induced by B[a]P. a Intracellular ROS levels were detected by flow cytometry after exposure to B[a]P (5 μM) for 0-48 h. b and c p-H2A.X expression in cells after treatment with vehicle, B[a]P (5 μM) alone, or B[a]P (5 μM) plus NAC (2 mM) for 48 h was detected by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence analysis. d The protein levels of IL-1β in the culture supernatants and of pro-IL-1β and IL-1β in the cell lysates after the same treatments were detected by Western blot analysis. e and f Intracellular ROS levels were detected by flow cytometry after treatment with vehicle, B[a]P (5 μM) alone, B[a]P (5 μM) plus H.cordata (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/mL) or B[a]P (5 μM) plus 2-undecanone (25, 50, or 100 μM) for 48 h. g Intracellular ROS generation was detected by fluorescence microscopy (scale bar: 50 μm) after treatment with vehicle, B[a]P (5 μM) alone, B[a]P (5 μM) plus H.cordata (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/mL) or B[a]P (5 μM) plus 2-undecanone (25, 50, or 100 μM) for 48 h. The data represent the mean ± SD (n = 3). ^###p < 0.001 compared with the control cells (given water); ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, and ^***p < 0.001 compared with the model cells (given B[a]P).