Fig. 6

Sorafenib-induced autophagy promotes RCC cell survival. Ketr-3 cells were treated with sorafenib and/or 3-MA for 48 h, and then analyzed the associated protein expression with Western-Blotting (a) and the cell apoptosis with an Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit (b). c Quantification of cell apoptosis is shown for Ketr-3 induced by sorafenib and/or 3-MA. All data shown represent the mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Significant differences are denoted by ** for p < 0.01, and *** for p < 0.001