Fig. 5

In vivo photodynamic therapy of OS tumors. Schematic representation of the in vivo treatments (a). Representative fluorescent luminescent imaging of AlPcS₄ alone or loaded in NPs (AlPcS₄@FNPs) and AlPcS₄@FNPs loaded MSCs (AlPcS₄@FNPs@MSCs) localization after intra-tumor injection (b). Representative BLI images showing the evolution of luciferase-expressing tumor cells treated (c). Quantification of luminescence intensity of regions-of-interest (ROI) (tumor) (the light events recorded in the acquired images expressed in mean ± SD vs time) ** p < 0.001 (AlPcS₄@FNPs alone), * p < 0.01 (AlPcS₄@FNPs loaded MSCs) at day 28 (d). Histological analysis of tumor tissues after treatments: H&E, K_i-67 and TUNEL staining (scale bar = 100 μm, black arrow = necrotic areas) (e). For this study a total of 18 mice were used, mice were divided in 4 group as followed: mice treated with PBS (n = 3), with AlPcS₄ alone (n = 3), with AlPcS₄@FNPs NPs alone (n = 6) and with AlPcS₄@FNPs loaded MSCs (n = 6)