Table 2 Immunotherapeutic drugs approved for human use

Rituximab

CD20

B-Cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Direct induction of apoptosis.

^99mTc

Ipilimumab/

Tremelimumab

CTLA-4

Metastatic melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Inhibition of CTLA-4 signaling

⁶⁴Cu-DOTA

Pembrolizumab/

Nivolumab

PD-1

Melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, urothelial carcinoma, colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)

metastatic colorectal cancer.

Inhibition of PD-1 (expressed in lymphocytes), induction of tumor-specific T cell CD8+ activation against cancer

⁶⁴Cu-DOTA; ⁸⁹Zr-DFO; ¹¹¹In-DTPA

Atezolizumab

PD-L1

Urothelial cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, triple negative breast cancer.

Inhibition of PD-L1 (expressed in tumor cells), induction of tumor-specific T cell CD8+ activation against cancer

⁸⁹Zr-DFO; ¹¹¹In-DTPA

Durvalumab

PD-L1

Urothelial carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer.

Inhibition of PD-L1 (expressed in tumor cells), induction of tumor-specific T cell CD8+ activation against cancer

⁸⁹Zr-DFO

Avelumab

PD-L1

Merkel -cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma.

Inhibition of PD-L1 (expressed in tumor cells), induction of tumor-specific T cell CD8+ activation against cancer

⁸⁹Zr-DFO

Interleukin-2

IL2 receptors

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma

T cell activation and expansion

¹²³I; ^99mTc; ¹⁸F

Interferon alfa-2B

INF- α receptors

Hairy cell leukemia, Malignant melanoma, follicular lymphoma, AIDS related Kaposi Sarcoma.

Immunomodulating activities, including cytotoxicity of lymphocytes. Upregulation of Th1 T-helper cell subsets

¹³¹I