Table 5 Tumor Heterogeneity: significance of miRNAs

Breast Cancer

Upregulation of miR-21, miR-23b, miR-200b, miR-200c levels; miR-23b and miR-190 correlated with low PFS in de novo metastatic patients; high levels of miR-200b predicted decreased OS in the HER2-negative subgroup

[101]

Colorectal Cancer

Upregualtion of miR-103 levels were associated with lymph nodes metastases and advanced disease

[102]

Upregulation of miR-29a

[103]

miR-203 and miR-141 expression discriminated metastatic from early stage patients

[104]

miR-21 correlated with liver metastases and TNM stage and was associated with worse OS and disease free survival

[105]

Decreased levels of miR-1914-3p and miR-1915-3p were found in chemoresistant patients

[106]

Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

High expression level of exosomal miR-222-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-10b-3p and miR-21-5p were associated with poor OS; miR-21-5p correlated with liver metastases and TNM stage.

[107, 108]

Lower expression of exosomal miR-146-5p was found in cisplatin resistant patients and was associated to short PFS

[109]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

High expression of miR-155-5p was correlated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis in patients receiving gemcitabine treatment

[110]