Table 1 Overview of CRISPR/Cas9 applications or potential use in HCC treatment

Interference in HBV

Edit coding sequence in cccDNA

[53,54,55,56,57]

Edit conserved region

[53, 58]

Edit HBsAg protein coding sequence

[59]

Participate in combination therapy

[60]

Manipulate cancer genome

Knock out or insert specific sequence

[11, 61]

Create hepatocarcinoma mouse model

Knock out specific gene

[62]

Edit genome in mouse embryonic cells

[63]

Enhance immunotherapy

Modify PD-1 of immune cell

[64, 65]

Modify CAR-T cell

[66]

Induce differentiation of iPSCs

[67]

Create potential tool applied in human body

Form delivery agent containing target sgRNA

[68]

Establish CRISPR/Cas9 libraries

Integrate experimental data and prepare for gene screen

[12]