Fig. 4

SALL4 induces ccRCC angiogenesis in vitro. a Enriched gene ontology (GO) term and KEGG pathway analysis of genes significantly correlated with SALL4 in ccRCC. b, c Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) profiles for the genes significantly correlated with SALL4 in ccRCC. Data (a-c) from TCGA database were analyzed via LinkedOmics bioinformatics. d HUVECs were treated with serum-free medium (SFM) or conditioned medium (CMs) from ACHN-shNC/shSALL4 cells. After treatment for 72 h, CCK-8 assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. e Flow cytometry analyses of cell cycle distribution in HUVECs treated with SFM or CMs from ACHN-shNC/shSALL4 cells. f Wound-healing assay was performed to determine the migration of HUVECs with CMs treatment (scale bar, 200 μm). g Representative images and quantification analyses of the recruitment of HUVECs co-cultured with indicated CMs (upper) or ACHN-shNC/shSALL4 cells (lower) in lower chambers (scale bar, 100 μm). h, i Representative images (h) and quantification analyses (i) of tube formation in HUVECs treated with SFM or indicated CMs (scale bar, 100 μm). j The expression level of VEGFA in CMs from ACHN-shNC/shSALL4 cells was detected by ELISA assay. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.001 and *** P < 0.001