Fig. 1

Rnd2 is upregulated in human GBM. a Expression of RND2 in 14 categories of human cancers according to the TCGA database. b Comparison of RND2 expression levels between GBM and normal brain tissues. c Comparison of RND2 expression levels between GBM MES, PN, or CL subtypes. Boxplots indicate the median quartiles, with whiskers extending the minimum and maximum range. d Representative IHC staining images for RND2 in clinical tissues. Grade II, grade III and grade IV indicate the pathologic grades of the glioma samples. Scale bars, 20 μm. e IHC score of RND2 in clinical tissues. The IHC scores were graded as 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4. Non-tumour tissue, n = 14; WHO II, n = 31; WHO III, n = 41; and WHO IV, n = 54. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. f Real-time qPCR indicated significantly higher levels of RND2 mRNA in GBM (n = 41) tissues and LGG (n = 14) compared to non-tumour (n = 4) tissues. RND2 mRNA expression was normalized to GAPDH using the 2-ΔΔCt method. **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001