Fig. 2

APA functions. A schematic diagram illustrating RNA-RBP interaction and RNA-miRNA interaction. a Multiple RBP binding sites and miRNA binding sites are located in the 3’UTR of RNA. As for the interaction between miRNA and 3’UTR, miRNA usually inhibits and silences the target RNA. b The scheme of RNA-miRNA interaction. MiRNAs can be firstly transcribed as long primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) transcripts with 5′ cap and 3’poly(A) tail by Pol II. Then pri-miRNA is cut by Drosha RNase III and turns into pre-miRNA in the nucleus. Pre-miRNA is delivered out the nuclei and processes into 21-nucleotide-long double-stranded RNAs. One strand combines with AGO proteins to form miRNA-containing RNPs (miRNPs). The miRNP complex binds to the complementary target mRNA and recruits deadenylase to repress translation. c, d RNA-RBP interactions. c ELAV leads to the expression of long 3’UTR isoforms during neurogenesis by inhibiting proximal PAS usage. d TTP recruits the CCR4-NOT complex into the ARE in the 3’UTR of the target gene and deadenylates the mRNA that causes its instability