Fig. 1From: Long non‐coding RNA NORAD promotes the prostate cancer cell extracellular vesicle release via microRNA-541-3p-regulated PKM2 to induce bone metastasis of prostate cancerNORAD enhanced the proliferation and metastasis of PCa cells a, The expression of NORAD in 74 PCa tissues and adjacent normal tissue was detected by qRT-PCR. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, vs. adjacent normal tissue. b, The expression of NORAD in 25 non-bone metastatic PCa tissues and 49 bone metastasis PCa tissues among 74 PCa patients was detected by qRT-PCR. ** p < 0.01, vs. non-bone metastatic PCa tissues. c, Kaplan-meier curves of PCa survival (high NORAD, n = 37; low NORAD, n = 37). d, The expression of NORAD in PCa cell lines (22Rv1, C4-2B, Du145, and PC-3) and normal prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 was detected by qRT-PCR and the cells with the highest and lowest NORAD expression were selected for follow-up studies. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, vs. RWPE-1 cells. e, The knockdown efficiency of sh-NORAD against NORAD in PC-3 cells was detected by qRT-PCR, and the most efficient sequence was selected for subsequent experiments. ** p < 0.01, vs. PC-3 cells treated with sh-NC. f, The overexpression efficiency of OE-NORAD against NORAD in 22Rv1 cells was detected by qRT-PCR. ** p < 0.01, vs. PC-3 cells treated with vector. g, CCK-8 assay of proliferation of PCa cells upon treatment with sh-NORAD or sh-NC. * p < 0.05. h, Representative images of Transwell assay of migration and invasion of PCa cells upon treatment with sh-NORAD, OE-NORAD or sh-NC. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, vs. PC-3 cells treated with sh-NC or 22Rv1 cells treated with vector. i, The effect of NORAD on the migration of PCa cells towards HS-5-CM was detected by Transwell. ** p < 0.01, vs. PC-3 cells treated with sh-NC or 22Rv1 cells treated with vector. The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Paired t-test was used for comparison between cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue; unpaired t-test was used for other two groups; ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups with Tukey’s post-hoc test; Comparisons between two groups with different time points were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test were used to analyze the survival rates. The cell experiment was repeated 3 timesBack to article page