Fig. 5

RARαS77A activates cytotoxic-autophagy in TNBC cells. a Western blotting analysis of protein expression after transient transfection of pcDNA3.0-vector/RARα/RARαS77A plasmids. b AO staining of transfected TNBC cells with or without AM580 for 72 h. Scale bar, 20 μm. c Western blotting was performed to detect the changes of autophagy-related proteins. d After pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (1 mM) for 2 h, cell viability was assessed in TNBC cells stably overexpressing RARαS77A, RARα, or vector by MTT analysis. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001