Fig. 2

Representative immunohistochemistry images of RCC patient tumour sections and adjacent normal kidney tissues stained with HIF-1α target genes GLUT1, HK, LDH, PDK1 and PKM2. Tumours/tissues were stained as described previously [14]. GLUT1 (abcam: ab652): negative staining in glomerulus and moderate cytoplasmic staining in the tubules of adjacent normal kidney tissue while RCC tissues shows a distinct membranous staining. HK (OriGene Technologies, Inc.; AM05641PU-S): adjacent normal kidney tissue shows strong cytoplasmic staining in the tubules and low cytoplasmic staining in the glomerulus while RCC demonstrates a strong cytoplasmic and membranous staining. LDH (abcam; ab52488): adjacent normal kidney is strongly positive for cytoplasmic staining in the tubules and low cytoplasmic staining in the glomerulus; RCC tissues presents an intense positive membranous and nuclear staining. PDK1 (GeneTex; GTX60386): adjacent normal kidney is negative in glomerulus staining and shows very low cytoplasmic staining in the tubules while RCC tissues illustrates distinct membranous and moderate cytoplasmic staining. PKM2 (abcam; ab150377) staining is negative in the adjacent normal kidney tissue while uniform moderate cytoplasmic staining is present in the RCC tissue. Magnification: 40X, Scale bar: 75 μm. Representative images of n = 5 tissues for each antibody