Fig. 1

Cellular based immunotherapy in liver cancer. Based on myeloid or lymphoid immune cells, strategies are attempted for liver cancer therapy. In myeloid cell group, DC vaccine, engineered Mφ and depletion of immune suppressors are undergoing research for hepatoma treatment. For lymphoid cells, strategies such as T/NK cell engineering, Tregs/Bregs depletion and molecular regulatory intervenes are also under study. DC, dendritic cell; Mφ, macrophage; Tregs, regulatory T cells; Bregs, regulatory B cells; FOXP3, forkhead box protein P3; GITRL, ligand to Tregs evoked glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor; TCR-T, T cell receptor engineered T cells; CAR-T, chimeric antibody receptor engineered T Cells; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HLA-A2, human leukocyte antigen-A2; AFP, A-fetoprotein; GPC3, Glypican-3; NKG2D, NK group 2 member D; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; EGFRvIII, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III; TIM-1⁺, T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-1 positive; PD-1, programmed cell death-1; CXCL9, chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-9; IL, interleukin; CD169, cluster of differentiation 169; CD44, cluster of differentiation 44; CD133, cluster of differentiation 133; CD40, cluster of differentiation 40; CD160, cluster of differentiation 160; CD96, cluster of differentiation 96; CD11b, cluster of differentiation 11b; CD27, cluster of differentiation 27; CD3, cluster of differentiation 3; DAP10, DNAX-activating protein 10