Fig. 2

Correlation in gene expression between CCOs and primary tumor tissues. Correlation of the expression of 12,114 genes expressed in CCOs and primary tissues from 87 patients (Spearman’s correlation test) (A) and frequency of the correlation coefficients (B). Correlation coefficients for 5000 selected genes and tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) status of primary tumors in 87 patients (C) showed higher correlation coefficients in immuno-desert group (D) (Wilcoxon rank-sum test). (E) Overlap between the top variance genes and key genes involved in carcinogenesis. Spearman’s correlation coefficients between CCOs and primary tissues with respect to the top variance genes and key genes involved in carcinogenesis (F) and higher correlation coefficients were noted in key genes of cancer pathways (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) (G). (H) Correlation in the expression of individual genes between CCOs and primary tissues (Spearman’s correlation test). Correlations in signaling pathway activities based on GSVA analysis of CCOs and primary tissues (Spearman’s correlation test) (I) and representative figures of individual pathways (J). CCO, colorectal cancer organoid