Table 1 Statin use in observational cross-sectional clinical studies
Cancer | Statins | Combination agent | Population | Findings | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast cancers | NR (Before the diagnosis) | NR | 7452 | The use of statins was associated with increased overall mortality only in patients with ER-positive breast cancer | [18] |
NR (After the diagnosis) | NR | 17,880 | Statin use after a diagnosis of breast cancer had reduced mortality due to breast cancer and all causes | [19] | |
Lipophilic statins and hydrophilic statin | NR | 18,769 | Simvastatin was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer recurrence among Danish women diagnosed with stage I–III breast carcinoma | [20] | |
Lipophilic statins (After the diagnosis) | NR | 1945 | The use of lipophilic statins was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer recurrence | [21] | |
Prostate cancer | NR (Before the diagnosis) | NR | 1022 | The use of statins was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer | [22] |
Atorvastatin, simvastatin, flovastatin, pravastatin and rosuvastatin (Before the diagnosis) | NR | 44,126 | The use of statins is associated with lower risk of PTEN-null and lethal prostate cancer | [23] | |
Simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin | NR | 42,480 | The use of statins was associated with a risk reduction overall (6%) and, specifically with advanced PCa (10%) | [24] | |
NR | NR | 1367 | The use of statins was not associated with the risk of advanced prostate cancer | [25] | |
NR | NR | 1940 | The use of statins was associated with the increased risk of prostate cancer | [26] | |
Pancreatic cancer | Atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin and pravastatin | Gemcitabine/paclitaxel | 797 | The use of statins was associated with better survival in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients who were treated with first-line chemotherapy | [27] |
Atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin and pravastatin | NR | 2142 | The use of statins was associated with lower mortality risk in patients with pancreatic cancer | [28] | |
Gastric cancer | NR | NR | 1835 | Statin use may dose-dependently improve the OS of patients with GC after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy | [29] |
NR | NR | 80,271 | The use of statins was associated with a reduction of gastric cancer mortality in the general population but not with gastric cancer incidence | [30] | |
Colorectal cancer | NR (After the diagnosis) | NR | 999 | The use of statins was associated with reduced risk of death from any cause or from cancer | [31] |
NR | NR | 387,518 | The use of statins was significantly associated with a decrease in overall mortality and cancer-specific mortality of CRC | [32] | |
Ovarian cancer | NR (After the diagnosis) | NR | 4419 | The use of statins was not significantly associated with the reduction of mortality in patients with ovarian cancer | [33] |
Simvastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin and rosuvastatin (After the diagnosis | NR | 1255 | The use of statins was associated with a reduced risk of overall mortality | [34] | |
Lung cancer | Simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin (After the diagnosis) | EGFR-TKIs | 1707 | Statins enhance the therapeutic effect and increase survival in patients with lung cancer receiving EGFR-TKI therapy | [35] |
NR (Before and after the diagnosis) | NR | 3638 | The use of statins (particularly simvastatin) was associated with reduced cancer-specific mortality in patients with lung cancer | [36] | |
Atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin (Before and after the diagnosis) | NR | 19,974 | The use of statins was associated with decreased mortality risk in patients with lung cancer | [37] | |
Lymphoma | Lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, fluvastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin (Before the diagnosis) | NR | 18,657 | The use of statins was associated with a lower risk of NHL | [38] |
NR(Before the chemo-immunotherapy) | NR | 4913 | The use of statins was associated with the improved survival in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | [39] | |
Glioblastoma | NR | NR | 1093 | The use of statins was unrelated to OS or PFS of GBM patients | [40] |
NR | NR | 2469 | The use of statins was not associated with the risk of GBM | [41] | |
NR (Before the diagnosis) | NR | 280,465 | The use of statins was associated with the increased risk of GBM | [42] | |
Endometrial cancer | NR | NR | 77,509 | The use of statins was not associated with the risk of endometrial cancer | [43] |
Kidney cancer | NR | NR | 18,105 | Statin use among patients with kidney cancer is associated with significantly improved cancer-specific and overall survival | [44] |
Multiple myeloma | NR (Before or after the diagnosis) | NR | 4957 | The use of statin was associated with a reduced risk of both all-cause and MM-specific mortality | [45] |
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | NR (After the diagnosis) | NR | 1194 | Statin use at the time of diagnosis of HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx, hypopharynx, and nasopharynx demonstrated improved OS and DSS | [46] |