Fig. 3

A The pie chart depicts the percentage of each RAS isoform contributing to all RAS mutations. Gain-of-function missense mutations in KRAS account for the majority of RAS gene mutations (75%), followed by NRAS mutations (17%) and HRAS mutations (7%). The remaining 1% represents RAS mutations that are other than gain-of-function missense mutations. Among KRAS mutations, the G12 codon (81%) is the most frequently mutated, followed by G13 (14%) and Q61 (2%). B The bar graph portrays the proportion of RAS mutations that are KRAS mutations found in a given cancer type. KRAS mutations are the most common RAS mutations in pancreatic cancer (~ 88%), followed by colon adenocarcinoma (50%), rectal adenocarcinoma (50%), lung adenocarcinoma (32%), small intestine adenocarcinoma (26%), cholangiocarcinoma (23%), plasma cell myeloma (18%), gallbladder carcinoma (16%), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (8.6%)