Fig. 2

T22-PE24-H6 and T22-DITOX-H6 nanotoxins induce tumor cell pyroptosis. A Phase-contrast imaging of 22A-CXCR4⁺ and 74B-CXCR4⁺ cells treated with T22-PE24-H6 or T22-DITOX-H6 for 48 h exhibiting pyroptotic cell morphology (magnification 200x). B Flow cytometry analysis of 74B-CXCR4⁺ after 15 h, 24 h, and 48 h of exposure to T22-PE24-H6 or T22-DITOX-H6 stained with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI). Percentage of stained cells is represented in the column graph. C LDH release from 22A-CXCR4⁺ and 74B-CXCR4⁺ exposed to either T22-PE24-H6 or T22-DITOX-H6 for 48 h. D Representative images of pro-caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, PARP, GSDME, and tubulin immunoblotting in protein extracts from 22A-CXCR4⁺ and 74B-CXCR4⁺ cell lines treated with T22-PE24-H6 and T22-DITOX-H6 for 15 h, 24 h, and 48 h. * p < 0.05. Each column represents the mean value of three biological replicates. Statistical analysis performed by Student t-test. Error bars indicate SEM