Fig. 1

The regulatory systems involved in the epigenetic landscape of human HCC. The epigenetic marks in HCC include histone tails modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, etc.), non-coding RNAs, the presence of abnormal histone variants, and DNA promoter hypo- or hyper-methylation. The post-translational modifications of histone tails can modulate chromatin organization and alter the control of gene expression. Non-coding RNAs have emerged as regulators of chromatin structure. Non-canonical histone variants can affect chromatin remodelling and histone post-translational modifications. Alterations in the methylation of gene promoter regions cause altered gene expression