Fig. 5

Differentiated PDOs are dependent on autocrine Wnt and exogenous RSPO. A Representative phase contrast images of Grade1, Grade2, and Grade3 PDOs cultured in niche medium or medium lacking the indicated factors. Scale bars, 100 µm. B Proliferation rate of PDOs cultured in the absence of the indicated factors compared with growth in full niche medium. C Representative phase contrast images of Grade1, Grade2, and Grade3 PDOs treated with vehicle (DMSO) or Porcn-inhibitor (C59) in niche medium lacking Wnt3A. Scale bars, 200 µm. D Proliferation rate of PDOs treated with C59 compared with PDOs treated with DMSO (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001)