Fig. 3

TiOxNPs were successful radiosensitizers for eliminating aggressive pancreatic CSCs. A Sphere formation assay of the dissociated MIA PaCa-2 spheres treated with TiOxNPs and/or irradiation. n=3. B Clonogenic death of the dissociated MIA PaCa-2 sphere cells treated with TiOxNPs and/or irradiation. n=3. C Cell proliferation assay, (D) WST-1 cell viability assay, (E) cell migration assay, and (F) cell invasion assay for dissociated MIA PaCa-2 sphere cells treated with TiOxNPs and/or irradiation. n=3. G Viability, early, and late apoptosis of the dissociated MIA PaCa-2 sphere cells treated with TiOxNPs and/or irradiation using Annexin V-FITC apoptosis and PI assay. n=3. Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation. ns, not significant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001