Fig. 4
TiOxNPs augmented the radiation effect in delaying growth of pancreatic xenografts. A Representative gross image of BALB/c nude mouse tumors treated with TiOxNPs (3 mg/mL) and/or irradiation (5 Gy) after injecting 1.5 × 106 of the dissociated MIA PaCa spheres. Change in tumor volume (B) and body weight (C), and Kaplan-Meier curves (D) for each group. n=5. E Representative gross image of BALB/c nude mouse tumors treated with TiOxNPs (3 mg/mL) and/or irradiation (5 Gy) after injecting 1.5 × 106 of MIA PaCa cells. Change in tumor volume (F) and body weight (G), and Kaplan-Meier curves (H) for each group. n=5. I Representative gross image of the growing tumors after the injection of dissociated MIA PaCa spheres for 30 days. Relative tumor volume (J), tumor weight (K), body weight (L), and the onset of tumor outgrowth (M) were measured. n=3. N Representative gross image of the growing tumors after the injection of dissociated MIA PaCa spheres for 30 days. Relative tumor volume (O), tumor weight (P), body weight (Q), and the onset of tumor growth (R) were evaluated. n=3. S Representative gross image of BALB/c nude mice tumors treated with TiOxNPs (25 mg/mL) and/or irradiation (5 Gy) after injecting 1.5 × 106 of the dissociated MIA PaCa sphere cells intravenously into the lateral tail vein. Change in tumor volume (T), Kaplan-Meier curve (U), and body weight (V) for each group after intravenous injection of 1.5 × 106 MIA PaCa cells. n=3. W Organ index of liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and lung between the different groups to show organ to body weight ratio. n=3. X HE staining of liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and lung tissue for assessment of organ toxicity after intravenous injection of TiOxNPs. Scale bar = 50 μm. Y Biochemical parameters of GOT, GPT, ALP, and creatinine in the different groups. n=3. Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation. ns, not significant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001