Fig. 1

Establishment of HCC PDXO lines from PDX tumors. A Schematic diagram illustrating the generation of HCC PDXs and PDXOs from human patient HCC tumors for subsequent drug screening assays. B H&E and brightfield images of PDX1 and PDX11 tumors and their corresponding PDX-derived organoids. Scale bar = 50 μm. C Mean viable cell count of HCC PDXOs grown in culture, measured via trypan blue exclusion assay at Days 2, 4, 6 and 8. Data shown as mean ± SD, n = 3. D Immunofluorescence staining of HCC markers (AFP, HepPar1, CK19, GPC3) in HCC PDX1 and 11 and their corresponding matched PDXOs. DAPI nuclear stain is shown in blue. Scale bars = 50 μm (PDX), 20 μm (PDXO)