Fig. 3

ARHGEF37 promotes endothelial adherence and trans-endothelial migration of tumor cells. a Schematic diagram of the extravasation assays. b The control, or ARHGEF37-overexpressing, or ARHGEF37-silenced GFP⁺-Huh7 cells were injected through tail veins. Lungs were assayed at 4 and 24 hours after injection (n = 6). Representative lung section images at 4 and 24 hours after injection are shown. The GFP⁺-HCC cells were detected and quantified. Scale bars: 10 μm. c Schematic diagram of the endothelial adhesion assays. d Representative immunofluorescence images and quantitation of the vector and HCC cells stably overexpressing ARHGEF37 in endothelial adhesion assays. Scale bars: 50 μm. e Representative immunofluorescence images and quantitation of ShV- and ARHGEF37-silenced stable HCC cells in endothelial adhesion assays. Scale bars: 50 μm. f Schematic diagram of the trans-endothelial migration assays. g-h Representative immunofluorescence images and quantitation of vector-, ARHGEF37 overexpressing- (g), and shV-, ARHGEF37-silenced (h) stable HCC cells in trans-endothelial migration assays. Scale bars: 50 μm. Each value in panel b represents the mean ± SD of six mice/group, and each error bar in panel d, e, g, and h represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; ns represents not significant