Fig. 1

Sorafenib resistance associated with ferroptosis resistance. A CCK-8 assay of sensitivity of Huh7, Huh7SR, 7721, and 7721SR cells to sorafenib. B 24 h IC₅₀ values of Huh7, Huh7SR, 7721, and 7721SR treated with sorafenib. C Morphology of Huh7, Huh7SR, 7721, and 7721SR at 200× magnification. D Intracellular GSH concentrations of Huh7 and Huh7SR cells exposed to 4 µM sorafenib, 10 µM erastin, and 1 µM RSL3. E Intracellular GSH concentrations of 7721 and 7721SR cells exposed to 8 µM sorafenib, 10 µM erastin, and 1 µM RSL3. F and G Lipid ROS levels of Huh7, Huh7SR, 7721, and 7721SR cells exposed to sorafenib (4 µM for Huh7SR, 8 µM for 7721SR), 10 µM erastin, and 1 µM RSL3. H MDA concentrations of Huh7 and Huh7SR cells exposed to 4 µM sorafenib, 10 µM erastin, and 1 µM RSL3. I MDA concentrations of 7721 and 7721SR cells exposed to 8 µM sorafenib, 10 µM erastin, and 1 µM RSL3. J and K Intracellular Fe²⁺ concentrations of Huh7 and Huh7SR cells exposed to 4 µM sorafenib, 10 µM erastin, and 1 µM RSL3 and 7721 and 7721SR cells exposed to 8 µM sorafenib, 10 µM erastin, and 1 µM RSL3. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. sora, sorafenib