Fig. 6

Low-dose SNAP induces a subset of macrophages displaying an M1-related gene expression signature and Arg1 expression. (A) Subclustering of TAM1 (978 cells) and visualization of the subsets. UMAP embedding of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed five clusters using the “FindCluster” function. Each dot represents one cell. (B) Average expression levels of the top 5 DEGs in each subset of TAM1 cells. (C) Distribution of each TAM1 subset in the control and SNAP treatment groups. (D) Bubble heatmap showing the expression levels of M1-related genes and M2-related genes in the subset of TAM1 cells. (E) Flow cytometry analysis of intratumoral TAM1-1 cells and (F) CD80⁺ Arg1⁺ macrophages between the control and low-dose SNAP treatment groups. (G) MSigDB hallmark gene set enrichment assay (GSEA) analysis of DEGs in the TAM1-0 (left) and TAM1-1 (right) clusters. TAM1-0 and TAM1-1 DEGs were determined using the “FindMarker” function in the Seurat package and are displayed in Supplementary Data 6. All pathways were significant (p-value < 0.05). Tumor tissues were collected Day 20 after tumor implantation and used for flow cytometry analysis