Fig. 1

PDIA4 is extremely upregulated and correlates with worse prognosis of GBMs. A-B PDIA4 is overexpressed in 28 cancers, especially in GBM. ns P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. C GBM patients with higher PDIA4 expression show poorer clinical prognosis in the TCGA cohort. D Scatter plots of the single-cell datset (GSE84465) showing the PDIA4 expressing distributions of different cell types in GBM microenvironment. E The violin plots of GSE84465 dataset showed that GBM cells expressed the highest PDIA4 in GBM microenvironment. F Immunofluorescence of U251 GBM cells indicates the subcellular localization in the ER of PDIA4 protein (Human Protein Atlas database). G Immunohistochemical staining of PDIA4 in clinical GBM samples and adjacent tissues showing distinct expression levels of PDIA4 protein. H Paired t-test was applied to compare the IHC scores of PDIA4 between adjacent tissues and GBM samples, and visualized in the box plots. ***P < 0.001. I The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of GBM patients in neurosurgery department of NCUSAH verifies that higher PDIA4 expressions correlates worse clinical prognosis of GBM patients. J The volcano plot shows the RNA-seq analysis results of the different expressed genes (DEGs) between sh-Ctrl and sh-PDIA4 LN229 cells. K DEGs between sh-Ctrl and sh-PDIA4 LN229 cells were also visualized in this heatmap. L The Metascape enrichment analysis represents the gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway terms which these DEGs enriched in