Fig. 5

CYP19A1 is highly expressed in colon cancer and is correlated with poor prognosis, PD-L1 level and the infiltration levels of immune cells and stromal cells. A Representative images of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of CYP19A1 and PD-L1 protein in human colon cancer tissue microarrays. B Statistical analysis of CYP19A1 IHC score in colon tumor tissue microarray (n = 90). C Kaplan–Meier survival curves for colon cancer patients according to the IHC score of CYP19A1. D Correlation analysis of CYP19A1 and PD-L1 protein expression (n = 90). E Representative images of multiplex immunofluorescence in CYP19A1-low (n = 10) and CYP19A1-high (n = 10) human colon cancer tissues. Quantification of CD8⁺ T cells, CD31⁺ endothelial cells, CD68⁺ macrophages and α-SMA⁺ CAFs as a proportion of total cells. F The correlations between CYP19A1 expression and PD-L1 level in CAFs and macrophages were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Scale bars, 50 μm. ^*, P < 0.05; ^**, P < 0.01