Fig. 3
PL prominently improves surgery/RT/TMZ and RT/TMZ efficacy to achieve long-term survival and immune cure in G422TN-mice. A Schematic diagram depicting the surgery, Piperlongumine (PL), RT, TMZ chemotherapy (TMZ), GSH, or their combined regimen started on day 7–8 p.i. GSH, 10 doses of GSH with once oral gavage of 400 µg/g. B and C The Kaplan-Meier survivals and body weight changes of the G422TN-mice with surgery, PL, RT, TMZ, GSH, or their combined regimen started on day 7–8 p.i. (n = 8/group). D Schematic diagram of the PL, RT, TMZ, GSH, or their combined regimen started on day 7 p.i.E and F The Kaplan-Meier survivals and body weight changes of the G422TN-mice with PL, RT, TMZ, GSH, or their combined regimen started on day 7 p.i. (n = 7–8/group). G and H Representative bioluminescent images and the Kaplan-Meier survivals of control (n = 3), RT/TMZ/PL (LTS, n = 2) and surgery/RT/TMZ/PL (LTS, n = 1) group during rechallenge. I Schematic diagram depicting the mannose, RT, TMZ, or their combined regimen started on day 7 p.i.. J Two of eight G422TN-mice achieved LTS in RT/TMZ/Mannose group, and were further subjected to rechallenging assay. BLI showed the presence of G422TN-tumor in control (n = 7) and LTS (n = 2) mice. K The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed no difference between control and LTS group during rechallenge phase. (*P < 0.05; ns, not statistically significant)