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Fig. 5 | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

Fig. 5

From: Piperlongumine conquers temozolomide chemoradiotherapy resistance to achieve immune cure in refractory glioblastoma via boosting oxidative stress-inflamation-CD8+-T cell immunity

Fig. 5

PL synergizes RT/TMZ to upregulate inflammatory responses and antigen presentation signatures in G422TN-tumors. A and B H&E (invasive index, n = 3), TUNEL, KI-67 staining and statistical analysis of G422TN-tumor in control, PL, RT/TMZ, RT/TMZ/PL, RT/TMZ/PL/GSH group on day 9 p.i. Scale bar, 50 μm. (n = 6) C KEGG analysis of upregulated genes in high oxidative signature group in TCGA database. D Venn diagram illustrating the differential and overlapping genes upregulated in each group. E KEGG analysis of upregulated genes only present in RT/TMZ/PL treatment vs. control. F KEGG analysis of upregulated genes present in RT/TMZ/PL treatment vs. RT/TMZ treatment. G The heatmap illustrating expression of genes involved in the antigen presentation signature, the IFN gamma signature, and the inflammatory responses signature in different treatments. H qRT-PCR showing the mRNA expression of the antigen presentation signature genes (Canx, Nlrc5, Psmb8), the IFN gamma signature genes (Jak2, Stat1, Stat5a), and the inflammatory response signature genes (Il1a, Il7r, Il6). (n = 3). I Correlation between the RT/TMZ/PL signature and the antigen presentation signature, the IFN gamma signature, and the inflammatory responses signature, respectively. J Enrichment of hallmark pathways for upregulated genes in the RT/TMZ/PL group compared with control. (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns, not statistically significant)

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