Fig. 1
Oridonin prevents the development of colorectal cancer. A Molecular structure of oridonin. B Cell viability was measured by CCK8. RKO and LoVo cells were treated with oridonin (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 μM) for 24, 48, or 72 h. The IC50 of oridonin for 24 h was marked in the right panel (n = 6; IC50LoVo = 21.7 μM, IC50RKO = 23.5 μM). C-E EdU staining, Tranwell, and Wound healing assays indicate the proliferation, invasion, and migration of LoVo and RKO cells after treatment with or without 22 μM oridonin for 24 h (n = 3). Scale bars of D: 50 μm. Scale bars of E: 200 μm. F HE staining of the hearts, livers, spleens, lungs, and kidneys of tumor-bearing athymic nude mice treated with oridonin (ORI, 160 mg/kg) or DMSO (n = 5). Scale bars: 100 μm. The statistical results were presented as mean ± SD. Student’s t-test compared the difference in C and D; two-way ANOVA compared the difference in B and E. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 compared with the Control in LoVo cells; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 compared with the Control in RKO cells; * P < 0.05 compared with the oridonin (0 μM) in B. ORI: oridonin; CCK8: cell counting kit-8; IC50: the half maximal inhibitory concentration; EdU: 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine; HE staining: hematoxylin–eosin staining; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; SD: standard deviation; ANOVA: analysis of variance