Fig. 4

The role of SEs-driven oncogenes in tumors. During tumor development, SE-associated oncogenes affects many aspects of it, including sustaining proliferative signaling and enabling replicative immortality, evading activating invasion and metastasis, avoid immune destruction and promoting inflammation, reprogramming cellular metabolism, nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming, unlocking phenotypic plasticity, resisting cell death and inducing/accessing vasculature. This figure mainly proposes the roles and mechanism of SEs-driven oncogenes, as well as the corrrsponding relationship with tumor types. Black words represent cofactors. Red words represent oncogenes. Bule words represent pathways. Green words and the contents in green boxes represent phenotypes. The contents in the blue boxes indicate tumor types. The “↓” means down-regulation and the “↑” means up-regulation. The “⇋” means interaction between the two. The” + ” means “and”. (ESCC = esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, HNSCC = Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.)