Fig. 7

Selectively targeting TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway with galunisertib effectively prevents GC-LM in mice. A Representative bioluminescent images and BLI analysis of mice with intrasplenic injection of MKN45 cells (1 × 10.⁶ cells per mouse) showed the inhibitory effect of the anti-LBP antibody and galunisertib on LM in vivo (n = 5 per group). B Mice were euthanized in the 4th week after intrasplenic injection of MKN45 cells. Photograph and representative H&E with enlargement of LM are shown. C. Representative IHC images of TGFBR1 in human normal gastric tissue, stage III GC tissues, primary GC tissue and paired LM sections. D-F Wound-healing assays (row 1, 2) and Transwell assays (row 3, 4) were applied to validate the effect of CM from reLBP-treated THP-1 and galunisertib on the migration and invasion of MKN45 cells. G IF was applied to confirm that galunisertib inhibit the actin remodeling of MKN45 cells. Scale bars are 3 mm (B-middle), 300 μm (B-right) and 100 μm (C, D-wound-healing), 50 μm (D-Transwell assays), 20 μm (G). Data are representative of three independent experiments. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (A) or mean ± SD (E, F). p values were determined by two-way ANOVA test (A) or one-way ANOVA test (E, F) (ns, not significant, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001)